Sertraline (Zoloft): Uses, Side Effects, and Important Information

Written by: Karen Berger, PharmD
Medically Reviewed by: Michelle Vermeulen, PharmD
Updated on: May 21, 2024
Reading Time: 9 minutes

What Is Sertraline (Zoloft)?

Sertraline, commonly known by its brand name Zoloft, is a prescription antidepressant belonging to a class of medications called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).

It’s one of the most widely prescribed medications for mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and OCD, helping millions of people manage mood and emotional balance by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

Common Brand and Generic Names

Brand name: Zoloft
Generic names: Sertraline, Sertraline HCL, Sertraline Hydrochloride

Pronunciation: SER-tra-leen

Drug Class: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

Availability: Prescription only, generic forms available

Dosage Forms:

Oral tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Capsules: 150 mg, 200 mg
Oral solution: 20 mg/mL

Uses: What Is Sertraline Prescribed For?

Sertraline is commonly used to treat a range of mental health conditions, including:

Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – unwanted repetitive thoughts and behaviors
Panic Disorder – frequent and unexpected panic attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) – fear and anxiety in social situations
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) – severe form of PMS with mood-related symptoms

Your healthcare provider may also prescribe sertraline for other conditions as needed.

How Sertraline Works

Sertraline helps restore the balance of serotonin, a natural neurotransmitter in the brain that affects mood, sleep, and emotional well-being.
By preventing the reabsorption of serotonin, it helps increase serotonin availability, which can improve mood and reduce anxiety over time.

How to Take and Store Sertraline

Take sertraline exactly as prescribed — usually once daily, with or without food.
Store at room temperature (68°F to 77°F / 20°C to 25°C) in a cool, dry place.
Do not stop taking sertraline suddenly — always consult your healthcare provider before adjusting your dosage.

Common Side Effects of Sertraline

Most people tolerate sertraline well, but some may experience side effects, especially when starting treatment or adjusting the dose.

Common Side Effects in Adults

Nausea or upset stomach
Diarrhea
Appetite loss
Fatigue or drowsiness
Dizziness
Trouble sleeping
Sweating
Shaking or tremors
Sexual side effects (e.g., reduced libido, difficulty reaching orgasm)

Common Side Effects in Children and Teens

Nosebleeds
Increased urination
Agitation or restlessness
Aggression
Possible slower growth or weight change

If side effects persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider.

Serious Side Effects of Sertraline (When to Seek Help)

While rare, some side effects can be serious and require immediate medical attention:

1. Suicidal Thoughts or Behavior

Sertraline may increase suicidal thoughts in young adults during the first few months of use.
Seek immediate help if you or a loved one experiences:

New or worsening depression or anxiety
Thoughts of self-harm
Unusual changes in behavior

If in the U.S., call 911 or 988 (Suicide & Crisis Lifeline).

2. Serotonin Syndrome

Too much serotonin can be life-threatening.
Symptoms include:

Agitation or confusion
Rapid heartbeat
Sweating or fever
Muscle stiffness or twitching
Nausea or vomiting

3. Allergic Reactions

Stop taking sertraline and get emergency help if you have:

Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
Difficulty breathing
Hives or rash

4. Bleeding Risk

Combining sertraline with blood thinners or NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or aspirin) can increase bleeding risk.

5. Mania (in Bipolar Disorder)

Sertraline can trigger manic episodes in people with bipolar disorder. Watch for:

Extremely high energy or rapid speech
Decreased need for sleep
Reckless behavior

6. Seizures

If you experience muscle spasms, jerking movements, or loss of consciousness, stop the medication and contact your doctor immediately.

7. Glaucoma

Symptoms like severe eye pain or seeing colored halos around lights may indicate increased eye pressure — seek urgent care.

Warnings & Precautions

Who Should Avoid Sertraline

Anyone allergic to sertraline or Zoloft ingredients
People with moderate or severe liver problems
Individuals currently taking MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

Before You Start Sertraline

Tell your healthcare provider if you have:

Liver, kidney, or heart problems
Bipolar disorder
Low sodium levels
History of seizures or stroke
Bleeding disorders
High blood pressure

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Use during pregnancy may pose risks to the baby.
Sertraline can pass into breast milk — discuss benefits and risks with your doctor.

Drug Interactions

Sertraline interacts with several medications, including:

MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs/SNRIs (other antidepressants)
Triptans (migraine medications)
St. John’s Wort (herbal supplement)
Blood thinners and NSAIDs
Certain heart rhythm medications

Avoid alcohol while taking sertraline, as it can worsen drowsiness and impair concentration.

Missed Dose or Overdose

Missed Dose: Take it as soon as you remember. Skip it if your next dose is near. Never double up.
Overdose: Seek emergency medical help or contact Poison Control at 800-222-1222.

Final Thoughts

Sertraline (Zoloft) is a trusted and effective treatment for depression and anxiety-related disorders. While it may cause mild side effects, most are temporary and manageable. Always use this medication under medical supervision, and never stop taking it abruptly.

If you have questions about whether sertraline is right for you, consult your doctor, psychiatrist, or pharmacist for personalized advice.

Disclaimer

This blog post is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting, changing, or stopping any medication.